1. afford
(1) (和can,could,be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do
We can‘t afford to pay such a price.
afford + n. / pron. (出得起;买得起等)
They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.
(2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)
He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.
2. apologize的用法
▲ 构词:apology n. 辩解,道歉
▲ 搭配:
① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护
【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made B. said C. put D. passed
[考查目标] apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。
[答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。
3. choice的用法
▲搭配:
① make a choice 选择
② make choice of 挑选,选择,选定
③ make / take one‘s choice 任意挑选
④ have no choice but to do sth 非……不可,除……之外别无他法
【考例】[MET 1993] We‘ve missed the last bus, I‘m afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
[考查目标] choice的意思和习惯搭配。
[答案与解析]B choice是choose的名词形式.意思是
“选择”,在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to
do sth“不得不干……”。
4. determine的用法
▲ 构词:determination n. 决心,决断,决意;决定,确定
▲ 搭配:
① determine to do sth 决定做某事
② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定
③ a man of determination 有决断力的人
▲ 辨析:decide;determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”,而
determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。
在be determined to do…这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。
decide的名词为decision,determine的名词为determination。例如:At first,she decided to go to the police,…起初,她决定去找警察……
▲ 友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时,其含义有时是“断
定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。
注:在determine to do...,determine on (upon)... 和determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中,determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。
注:decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?
【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.
A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover
[考查目标]determine的用法。
[答案与解析]B determine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。
5. encourage的用法
▲ 构词:
① encouraging adj. 鼓励的,给予希望的,振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的
② encouraged adj. 被激励的,受到鼓舞的
③ encouragement n. 鼓励,激励
④ discourage v. 使泄气;劝阻
▲ 搭配:① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受……鼓励/鼓舞
【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
[考查目标] encourage的用法。
[答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为:我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。
6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping
(1) 逃走;跑掉 + from / out of = run away from
The soldier escaped from the enemy‘s prison.
(2)逃脱;逃避 + n. / doing
He narrowly escaped death / being killed.
There‘s no way to escape doing the work.
escape还可表示:
①(液体等)漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。
② 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。
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