过去完成时：
1．构成：had + 过去分词
2．功能：
（1）表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。
?. They had got everything ready before I came.
?. The play had begun before I got to the theater with my boyfriend.
（2）过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when， no sooner ... than等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一……就”）
?. She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang.
?. No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.（注意 no sooner 在句首时句型倒装。）
（3）intend（打算），mean（意味），hope（希望），want（想要），plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。
?. I had intended to call on you yesterday， but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.
（……原想昨天去看你……）
?. They had planed to hold a football match last week， but they had to cancel it because the bad weather.
（……原计划上周举行一场足球赛……）
测试精编
1. -Let‘s hurry! The president is coming. -Oh， I was afraid that we ________.
A. already miss him B. had already missed him
C. will miss him already D. have already missed him
2. Your letter came just as I ________ my office.
A. was leaving B. would leave
C. had left D. left
3. I ________ my keys， I can‘t remember where I last saw them.
A. was losing B. lost C. had lost D. have lost
4. Nobody knew where the teacher ________.
A. has gone B. would have gone
C. had gone D. would be gone
5. The sportsmen ________ training for 3 hours when the coach told them to break off for rest.
A. have been B. are
C. had been D. were
KEYS
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. C
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