20xx年职称英语考试试题及答案_职称英语卫生类A级模拟试题库(4)
20、
Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor
Nanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter, These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.
Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.
In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. 4
Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6
Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.
词汇：
nanotechnology/5nAnEutek7nlEdZI/n 纳米技术 matter/5mAtE/n.物质
molecule/5mClikju:l, 5mEu-/n.分子atom/5AtEm/n.原子
nanometer/5neinE7mi:tE/n.纳米，毫微米 (长度单位，=10-9m)one-billionth n.十亿分之一dirt-resistant adj，防尘的，防污的promise/5prCmis/n.希望，前途program/5prEu^rAm/(=programme)n.节目，节目单vt.为……编制程序scholar/5skClE/n.学者quantum/5kwCntEm/n.量;量子.
dot/dCt/n.(小)点，圆点confirm/kEn5fE:m/vt.确认;证实case/keis/n.病症;病例; malaria/mE5lZEriE/n.疟(疾) misuse/5mis5ju:z/n.误用，滥用 particle/5pB:tikl/n.颗粒.微粒：粒子activate/5Aktiveit/vt.使激活 identify/ai5dentifai/v.辨认diagnose/5daiE^nEuz/vt.诊断(疾病)
Brazil/brE5zil/n.巴西nano-material n.纳米材料investment/ in5vestmEnt / n.投资;投资额
练习：
1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.
B To produce better and lighter building materials.
C To help more accurately diagnose diseases.
D To help more effectively treat diseases.
2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?
A By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.
B By letting a person take some kind of medicine.
C By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.
D By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.
3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?
A By making a drug target the focus of a disease.
B By changing the structure of the body cells.
C By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.
D By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.
4. The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT______.
A China B Brazil C Iran D India
5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?
A They may cause some damage to the body cells.
B They are harmful materials themselves.
C They may store in the body.
D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.
1、 A B C D
2、 A B C D
3、 A B C D
4、 A B C D
5、 A B C D
标准答案： B,C,A,C,D
21、
Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women
A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.
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