高考英语重点句型分析(三十九)
1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了,接着它被一辆小车撞着了。
While walking the dog=While you were walking the dog,这是状语从句的省略。
在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中,如果谓语动词有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时,则从句的主语和be常常省略。
①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时,我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待,边看报纸。
③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你,我们就不会去那儿了。
④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。
⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭,但仍继续工作。
⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空,必要的地方改变形式。
⑦I won‘t go unless (I‘m) invited.除非被邀请,否则我不会去。
[即境活用1]
When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A.introducing B.introduced
C.introduce D.being introduced
解析:将从句补全应为When these products were first introduced to the market,主从句主语一致且从句中有be,可以省略主语和be。
答案:B
2....tell him/her that he/she should have studied...……告诉他/她本该学习……
should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做;而shouldn‘t have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了,两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。
①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。
②You shouldn‘t have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。
拓展:
其他“情态动词+have+done”结构:
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。
(2)can‘t/couldn‘t have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。
(3)needn‘t have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。
(4)ought (not) to have done=should (not) have done
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。
(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。
(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。
[即境活用2]
Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A.shouldn‘t eat B.mustn‘t have eaten
C.shouldn‘t have eaten D.mustn‘t eat
解析:由just now可知,本题谈论过去之事。谈论过去之事,在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中,shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事,但事实上却做了,含有责备的口气。
答案:C
3....it was the first time in a year and a half that I‘d seen the night face to face...……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……
It is/was the first time(that)...这是一个固定句式,it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等,以表达不同的意义。
①This is the fourth time she‘s rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。
③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。
提示:
(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时;It was the first time that...后接过去完成时;It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。
(2)the first time可起从属连词作用,引导时间状语从句。
The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时,心脏都停止了跳动。
(3)for the first time意为“第一次”,单独用做状语。
He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。
[即境活用3]
—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A.comes B.have been
C.came D.had come
解析:This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。
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