36. Human Resources： how to ensure that staff at all levels receive appropriate feedback on individual performance
6、Marketing： the importance of packaging products appropriately
In recent times， numerous factors have made packaging an important marketing tool. Increased competition and clutter on retail store shelves means that packages now must perform many sales tasks-from attracting attention， to describing the product， to making the sale. Companies are realizing the power of good packaging to create instant consumer recognition of the company or brand. For example， in an average supermarket， which stocks 15，000 to 17，000 items， the typical shopper passes by some 300 items per minute， and 53 percent of all purchases are made on impulse. In this highly competitive environment， the package may be the seller’s last chance to influence buyers. It becomes a “five-second commercial.” The Campbell Soup Company estimates that the average shopper sees its familiar red and white can 76 times a year， creating the equivalent of $26 million worth of advertising.
7、Market Research： the importance of doing market research before launching a new product
Sales： How to sell a product effectively in international markets
Product Promotion： the importance of selecting appropriate members of staff to attend exhibitions
Communication： the importance in business of maintaining contact with clients
Public Relations： the importance of adequate supervision and training of staff who deal with the public
8、Management： How to run a meeting successfully
Transport Management： the importance to a business of an efficient public transport system
Any distribution of products from producers to wholesalers or from wholesalers to retailers requires transportation. The cost of transporting some products can exceed the cost of producing them. An efficient form of transportation can result in higher costs and lower profits for the firm. For each form of transportation， firms should estimate timing， cost， and availability. This assessment allows the firm to choose an optimal method of transportation. The most common forms of transportation used to distribute products are truck， rail， air， water， pipeline.
Transport Management： the importance of using environmentally friendly means of transport whenever possible
9、Health & Safety
Employee Safety： Firms ensure that the workplace is safe for employees by closely monitoring the production process. Some obvious safety precautions are to check machinery and equipment for proper working conditions， require safety glasses or any other equipment that one can prevent injury， and emphasize any special safety precautions in training seminars.
Firms that create a safe working environment prevent injuries and improve the morale of their employees. Many firms， such as Allied Signal， now identify workplace safety as one of their main goals. Levi Strauss and Company imposes safety guidelines not only its U.S. facilities but also on Asian factories where some of its clothes are made. Starbucks Coffee Company has developed a code of conduct in an attempt to improve the quality of life in coffee-producing countries.
10、Life Skills： the importance of being able to cope with stress in a job
Technology： the importance of training staff in how to use new technology when introducing it into the workplace.
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